| The Tobacco Reference Guide |
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| Chapter 11 Other health problems |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Other health problems: Fractures |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| Giving up cigarettes for seven to ten days after an operation can significantly reduce |
| post-surgical complications. |
| U.S. News and World Report, April 24, 1995, p. 70 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| It takes an average of 39 weeks for a bone fracture to heal in a smoker, compared to |
| 21 weeks in a nonsmoker. |
| Health, September 1995, p. 16 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smoking is consistently associated with increased risk of vertebral fractures. |
| JAMA, December 20, 1995, p. 1834 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smokers are four times more likely than nonsmokers to require surgery to fuse the |
| spine, particularly for problems of the lower back. The time for healing after spinal |
| fusion surgery was much slower for smokers, and the surgery complication rate was |
| higher. Tobacco use leads to bone weakening and a diminution of the production of |
| new, healthy bone cells. |
| Reuters Health eLine, July 1997 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Page 12 of 32 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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