| The Tobacco Reference Guide |
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| Chapter 11 Other health problems |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Other health problems: Osteoporosis |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| Smoking is a moderate risk factor for osteoporosis for both men and women, with a |
| risk nearly 2.5 times that of their nonsmoking counterparts. One of the mechanisms of |
| osteoporosis is smoking-related decrease of estrogen, a mechanism which applies |
| to men as well as women. |
| Cigarettes, p. 63 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| "Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for osteoporosis, reducing the peak bone mass |
| attained in early adulthood and increasing the rate of bone loss in later adulthood. |
| Smoking antagonizes the protective effect of estrogen replacement therapy on the |
| risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women." |
| Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 1996 edition, p. 35 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smoking accelerates bone loss in older women and increases the risk of |
| osteoporosis. It also reduces the protective effect of oral estrogens on osteoporosis. |
| 9th World Conference on Tobacco or Health, Paris, 1994 (T. Hirayama) |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smoking is positively and significantly associated with decreased hip bone mineral |
| density in old age. Bone loss associated with smoking would be expected to increase |
| the risk of hip fracture in those who do not die earlier from another complication of |
| tobacco use. |
| American Journal of Public Health, September 1993, p. 1265 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Although estrogen replacement therapy helps to protect nonsmoking |
| post-menopausal women from hip fracture, smoking may negate the protective effect |
| of estrogen replacement. |
| Annals of Internal Medicine, May 1, 1992, p. 716 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Page 21 of 32 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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