| Chapter 11 Other health problems |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Other health problems: Skin and Throat Disorders |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| Smokers have at least a two- to threefold increased risk of developing psoriasis. |
| Smoking may precipitate as many as one quarter of all psoriasis cases, and may |
| possible contribute to as many as half the cases of palmoplantar pustulosis. |
| Cigarettes, p. 43 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Most studies suggest a two to threefold increase in risk of psoriasis in smokers. |
| South China Morning Post, June 17, 1998 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Women who smoke more than 15 cigarettes a day are 3.9 fold more likely to have |
| psoriasis, compared to a 1.4 fold increased risk for men who smoked this often. |
| Overall, people who smoked 25 or more cigarettes a day are 2.1 fold more likely to |
| have psoriasis. For pustular psoriasis, the increased risk was 10.5 fold for smokers of |
| 15 or more cigarettes a day. The study authors from Milan, Italy pointed to the |
| possible role of hormonal factors, since smoking has well-defined antiestrogenic |
| effects. |
| Archives of Dermatology, December 1999, pp. 1479-1484 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smoking more than 24 cigarettes a day increases by 2.2 fold the risk for developing |
| psoriasis, in a report from Italy. |
| Skin and Allergy News, December 1998, p. 20 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smoking may increase the risk of systemic lupus erthematosus; the odds ratio is 2.3. |
| International Journal of Dermatology 34:333, 1995 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Page 26 of 32 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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