The Tobacco Reference Guide

by David Moyer, MD.


Chapter 14 Pregnancy and fertility

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Pregnancy and fertility: Fertility and Menopause

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Infertility is two to three times more prevalent in women who smoke.

The Tobacco Epidemic, p. 95

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Ovulation does not occur normally in smokers, impairing a woman's ability to

conceive.

Cigarettes, p. 83

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The fertility rates of women who smoke are about 30% lower than those of

nonsmokers, and smokers are about 3.4 times more likely to take more than a year to

conceive than are nonsmokers.

New York Times, October 25, 1996, p. A39

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"Cigarette smoking...seems to alter fallopian tube function, which in turn seems to

destroy eggs and impair the density, movement, and shape of sperm."

The Harvard Guide to Women's Health, Karen Carlson, Harvard University Press,

1996, p. 322

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