| The Tobacco Reference Guide
|
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| Chapter 20 Nicotine and Addiction |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Nicotine and Addiction: General |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| A 1972 internal memo by a Philip Morris scientist contended, "no one has ever |
| become a cigarette smoker by smoking cigarettes without nicotine." That was proved |
| when the company unsuccessfully introduced the nearly nicotine-free Next. The |
| industry claimed that smokers turn away from such cigarettes because they lack |
| "taste" or "flavor." But researchers say that these cigarettes taste no different; they |
| merely lack the kick that nicotine provides. |
| Time, April 18, 1994, p. 61, and Journal of the National Cancer Institute, January |
| 17, 1990, p. 89 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Chewing tobacco, pipe, and cigar smoke is alkaline, and nicotine is absorbed |
| through the oral mucosa or mouth without inhaling. However, cigarette flue-cured |
| tobacco is slightly acid, and must be inhaled for nicotine to be absorbed because only |
| in the lungs will the acid smoke be converted to alkaline. Cigarette tobacco is not only |
| milder but more addictive then other tobaccos because of increased absorption of |
| nicotine. |
| Advertising, the Uneasy Persuasion, p. 185 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Pipe and cigar smoke is alkaline, and is absorbed through the mucous membranes of |
| the mouth. The alkalinity makes the smoke irritating and deters inhalation. In contrast, |
| cigarette smoke is slightly acid, is not absorbed from the mouth, and must be inhaled |
| for the acidity to neutralized in the lungs and nicotine absorption to occur. The journey |
| from lungs to brain takes seven seconds, where virtually all the delivered nicotine is |
| taken up. |
| Science 80, September 1980, p. 40 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Airline pilots are permitted to smoke, even though passengers cannot. The FAA |
| maintains this policy not because smoking makes pilots more alert, but because |
| nicotine withdrawal might cause mental impairment. Contrary to the myth that smoking |
| enhances alertness and performance, nicotine withdrawal is responsible for dramatic |
| mental dysfunction. |
| Reader's Digest, March 1995, p. 129 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Page 2 of 38 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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