| The Tobacco Reference Guide |
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| Chapter 27 International |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| International: Russia and the former Soviet Union |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| For the adult population of the Russian federation, the prevalence of smoking |
| increased from 53% in 1985 to 67% in 1992. In Moscow, 42% of boys and 24% of |
| girls 15 to 17 years old were smokers in 1993. |
| Mayo Clinic Proceedings, October 1995, p. 1008 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| In 1995, an estimated 45% of the deaths of middle aged Russian men were tobacco |
| related. On the basis of current rates, about 5 million tobacco-related deaths will occur |
| in Russia in the decade of the 1990's. |
| Mayo Clinic Proceedings, October 1995, p. 1009 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| In the summer 1990 Soviet Union cigarette shortage, President Mikhail Gorbachev |
| pleaded with the West for help, and the American tobacco industry agreed to deliver |
| 34 billion cigarettes. R. J. Reynolds now sells 50 billion cigarettes a year in the former |
| Soviet republics, an increase from zero at the beginning of the decade. "When Philip |
| Morris hired former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher as a part-time consultant |
| on a three-year contract reportedly worth $2 million, one of her first tasks was to travel |
| to Kazakhstan to sell a major stake in its state tobacco company to Philip Morris." |
| Washington National Weekly Edition, December 9-15, 1996, p. 8 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| In the former Soviet Union a severe shortage of cigarettes in 1990 resulted from a |
| breakdown in the distribution system and closure of 24 plants for repair, resulting in |
| the Russian Republic purchasing 20 billion cigarettes from PM and 15 billion from |
| RJR for $1.8 billion. PM renewed the contract for 1992 to ship 11 billion cigarettes. |
| The availability of these brands increases consumer demand for them and pressures |
| governments to allow overseas tobacco companies to manufacture locally. |
| Tobacco and Health, p. 52 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Page 92 of 116 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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