| The Tobacco Reference Guide |
| by David Moyer, MD. |
| Chapter 9 Cardiovascular Disease |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Cardiovascular Disease: Stroke |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
| The risk of stroke is increased by four times for smokers less than 65 years old, and |
| smoking is the cause for about half of all strokes in this population. |
| Executive Health Report, July 1990 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smokers have almost twice the risk of dying of stroke. About 400,000 Americans |
| suffer strokes each year, and 50 to 55 percent are directly related to cigarette |
| smoking. |
| Journal of Respiratory Disease, May 1993, p. 628, and New York Times, November |
| 2, 1993, p. A13 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| Smokers of more than one pack a day have an 11-fold increased risk of subarachnoid |
| brain hemorrhage, or one variety of stroke. 38% of subarachnoid hemorrhages are |
| attributable to current smoking. The excess risk for stroke largely disappears between |
| two and four years after cessation in former smokers. |
| Stroke 23:1242, 1992, and American College of Physicians Journal Club, July |
| 1993, p. 27 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| The risk for subarachnoid hemorrhage is increased 5.7-fold in smokers. |
| Clinics in Chest Medicine, December 1991, p. 664 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour saut |
| In young adults age 15 to 45 years, a smoker was 1.6 times more likely to have an |
| ischemic stroke, or cerebral infarction, than a nonsmoker. |
| Archives of Neurology 47:693, 1990 |
| tobacco reference guideg (artefact pour |
| Page 19 of 22 |
| globalink (artefact pour saut de ligne) |
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